 |
Book Footnotes
Footnotes are listed
per chapter.
Hyperlinks (underlined) should open in a new
window.
Blue
hyperlinks will link to the book on Amazon.com,
for further information.
1 YES, IT IS A GODDAMN JUNGLE OUT THERE
p. 3 Animals in the wild: Martel, Y. (2001),
Life of Pi, New York: Harcourt.
p. 4 Chimps and us: de Waal, F. (2001),
The Ape
and the Sushi Master: Cultural
Reflections by a Primatologist, New York: Basic
Books, p. 71.
p. 5 “If you aren’t the lead dog . . .”: Bryce,
R. (2002),
Pipe Dreams: Greed,
Ego, and the Death of Enron, New York: Public
Affairs, p. 118.
p. 6 Elephant tap dance: Business Week, October
8, 1986.
p. 6 Weasels: Adams, S. (2003),
Dilbert and the
Way of the Weasel, New
York: HarperBusiness.
p. 6 Fighting or grooming: de Waal, F. (1997),
“The chimpanzee’s service
economy: Food for grooming,” Evol. & Human Behav.
18:375–86.
p. 8 Staying small at W. L. Gore: Sales and
Marketing Management, April
2003, p. 32.
p. 9 Dogs and soldiers: Bernhard, J. G., and
Glantz, K. (1992), Staying
Human in the Organization: Our Biological
Heritage and the Workplace,
Westport, CT: Greenwood,
p. 47.
p. 9 “I don’t do feelings”: Business Week, July
26, 2004.
p. 9 MBA financial analysts at $800 a month:
Harvard Business Review, February
2004.
p. 10 The code: Ullman, E. (1997), Close to the
Machine, San Francisco: City
Lights Books, p. 4.
p. 11 Sniffing the air and snorting: ibid., pp.
39–40.
p. 11 Rats specifically bred to display a high
level of anxiety: Francis, D. D.,
Meaney,M. J. (1999), “Maternal care and the
development of stress responses,”
Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9, pp. 128–34.
p. 12 Evolution of a smile: Schmidt, K. L., and
Cohn, J. F. (2001), “Human facial
expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary
questions in facial expression
research,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 44,
pp. 3–24.
p. 13 Multiple human smile types: Ekman, P.
(2001),
Telling Lies, New York:
Norton, pp. 149–61.
p. 13 Matsui’s New York debut: Hartford Courant,
April 9, 2003.
p. 13 Women are better at smiling: Schmidt and
Cohn (2001).
p. 13 Men on average 15 percent larger: de Waal
(2001), p. 35.
p. 14 Thicker smile muscles in women: Schmidt
and Cohn (2001), p. 8.
p. 14 Our forgotten history: Waldron, D. A.
(1998), “Status in Organizations:
Where Evolutionary Theory Ranks,” Managerial and
Decision Economics,
19 (7/8) pp. 505–520.
p. 14 Blurring the line between zoo and
workplace: de Waal (1997); de Waal, F.,
and Berger,M. L. (2000), “Payment for labour in
monkeys,”Nature 404,
p. 563.
p. 15 The Arioi in Tahiti: Stephenson, K.
(1992), “How to Lead People,” Vital
Speeches LIX, 5 (December), pp. 138–41.
p. 15 The appetite for a payday: Knutson, B., et
al (2001), “Anticipation of increasing
monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus
accumbens,” J. of Neuroscience
21:RC159.
p. 15 How the brain responds to unpredictable
rewards: Natural History, September
2003.
p. 15 Cortisol research: Sapolsky, R. (1994),
Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers, New
York: Freeman.
2 NICE MONKEY
p. 17 Survival of the fittest: Spencer,H.
(1873), Principles of Ethics, 2 vols.,
Indianapolis:
Liberty Classics, 1978.
p. 17 Darwin letter: Rachels, J. (1990), Created
from Animals: The Moral Implications
of Darwinism, New York: Oxford University Press,
p. 62.
p. 19 John Kay’s 1998 speech:
www.johnkay.com/print/133.html
p. 19 The social responsibility of business:
Friedman, M. (1970),New York Times
Magazine, September 13.
p. 19 Mother Teresa: Forbes, February 2, 2004.
p. 21 Guanxi: English-Lueck, J. A. (2002),
Cultures@SiliconValley, Stanford:
Stanford University Press, p. 178.
p. 22 The good associate: Rolfe, J., and Troob,
P. (2000), Monkey Business, New
York: Warner, pp. 146–47.
p. 23 Family firms: Family Business Review,
summer 1996; a 2004 list of top family
companies worldwide is at
http://www.familybusinessmagazine.com/topglobal.html.
p. 24 The affiliation instinct: The tentative
nature of the discussion is suggested by
the title of one recent paper: Silk, J. B.
(2002), “Using the ‘F’ word in primatology.
”Behavior 139 (2–3), pp. 421–46, “F,” that is,
for “friendship.” And
“the ‘L’ word” turns up in Sapolsky (1994), p.
97.
p. 24 Social support and survival: Seeman,T. E.
(1996), “Social ties and health:
the benefits of social integration,” Annals of
Epidemiology 6 (5),
pp. 442–51.
p. 25 People around us influence our
biochemistry: DeVries, A. C., et al (2003),
“Social modulation of stress responses,”
Physiology and Behavior 79 (3), pp.
399–407.
p. 25 Tend and befriend: Taylor, S. E. (2000),
The Tending Instinct, New York:
Times Books.
p. 26 Szalai, A. (1972). The Use of Time: Daily
Activities of Urban and Suburban
Populations in Twelve Countries, The Hague:
Mouton.
p. 26 An experiment at Emory: Rilling, J. K., et
al. (2002), “A neural basis for social
cooperation,”Neuron 35, pp. 395–405.
p. 26 Natalie Angier: New York Times, July 23,
2002.
p. 27 Prairie voles: Insel,T. R., and Young, L.
J. (2001), “The neurobiology of attachment,”
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2, pp. 129–36;
Young, L. J., and
Wang, Z. (2004), “The neurobiology of the pair
bond,”Nature Neuroscience
7, pp. 1048–54.
p. 29 Neurophysiology of trust: McCabe, K., et
al. (2001), “A functional imaging
study of cooperation in two-person reciprocal
exchange,” Proc. of the Nat.
Acad. of Sciences 98 (20).
p. 31 Camp David: Carter, J., Keeping Faith,
Fayetteville: University of Arkansas
Press, p. 399.
3 BEING NEGATIVE
p. 34 T. H. Huxley included his description of
mankind in a letter dated February
10, 1895, and added to these negative traits
that human nature also included
“an angel bobbing about unexpectedly like the
apple in the posset.”
p. 36 Negativity and the paleness of comforts:
Rozin, P., and Royzman, E. B.
(2001), “Negativity bias, negativity dominance,
and contagion,” Personality
and Social Psychology Review 5, pp. 296–320.
p. 36 Speedy differentiation between positive
and negative: Smith,N. K., et al.
(2003), “May I have your attention please:
Electrocortical responses to positive
and negative stimuli,”Neuropsychologia 41, pp.
171–83.
p. 37 Separate negativity and positivity
systems, and their evolution on the savanna:
Cacioppo, J.T., et al. (2004), “The affect
system: What lurks below
the surface of feelings?
” in Manstead, A.S.R.,
et al. (eds.), Feelings and emotions:
The Amsterdam conference, pp. 221–40, New York:
Cambridge University
Press.
p. 38 Organ donors: The Gallup Organization,
Inc. (1993), Survey for the Partnership
for Organ Donation and Harvard School of Public
Health, March
25–26, available at
http://www.transweb.org/reference/articles/gallup
_survey/gallup_index.html.
p. 39 Irrational economic decisions: Kahneman,
D., et al. (1990), “Experimental
tests of the endowment effect and the Coase
theorem,” J. of Political Economy
98 (6),
pp. 1325–48.
p. 39 No negativity bias for intelligence:
Skowronski, J. J., and Carlston, D. E.
(1992), “Caught in the act: When behaviors based
on highly diagnostic behaviors
are resistant to contradiction,” European J. of
Soc. Psychology 22, pp.
435–52.
p. 40 Oracle Dumpster-diving: Wall Street
Journal, June 29, 2000.
p. 40 Procter & Gamble versus Unilever: Fortune,
August, 2001; Wall Street Journal,
September 7, 2001.
p. 41 Larry Ellison quote: Symonds, M. (2003),
Softwar, New York: Simon and
Schuster.
p. 41 Citibank: Brandenburger, A., and Nalebuff,
B. (1996),
Co-opetition, New
York: Doubleday.
p. 43 Chihuahua quote: Enrico, R., and Kornbluth,
J. (1986), The Other Guy
Blinked, New York: Bantam, p. 105.
p. 43 EDS and Losada: Losada, M., and Heaphy, E.
(2004), “The role of positivity
and connectivity in the performance of business
teams: A nonlinear dynamics
model,” American Behavioral Scientist 47 (6),
pp. 740–65.
p. 45 Conflict in the early stages is good: Jehn,
K. A., and Mannix, E. A. (2001),
“The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal
study of intragroup conflict
and group performance,” Acad. of Management J.
44 (2), pp. 238–51.
p. 45 Acknowledgement and productivity: Luthans,
F., and Youssef, C. M.
(2004), “Human, social, and now positive
psychological capital management:
Investing in people for competitive advantage,”
Organizational
Dynamics 33 (2) pp. 143–160.
p. 45 Marriage and positivity: Gottman, J., and
Levenson, R.W. (2000), “The timing
of divorce: Predicting when a couple will
divorce over a 14-year period,”
J. of Marriage and the Family 62, pp. 737–45.
p. 49 Davidson, R. J., et al. (2000), “Emotion,
plasticity, context and regulation:
Perspectives from affective neuroscience,”
Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp.
890–906.
p. 51 Promega experiment: Davidson, R. J., et
al. (2003), “Alterations in brain and
immune function produced by mindfulness
meditation,” Psychosomatic Medicine
65,
pp. 564–70.
p. 52 Medtronics and Bill George: The Economist,
September 2, 2002; Business
Week, August 22, 2003.
p. 55 Adelie penguins:
http://scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/nsf/journals/peter97.html.
4 ROUGH BEASTS
p. 57 Craig Barrett quote: Business Week, June
15, 1997.
p. 57 Fear: Grove, A. (1996),
Only the Paranoid
Survive, New York: Doubleday,
pp. 117–19.
p. 58 The Intel brawl: Jackson,T. (1997),
Inside
Intel, New York: Dutton.
p. 58 Bat-wielding executive: Business Week,
June 15, 1997.
p. 61 Manager see, manager do: Business Week,
April 3, 1995.
p. 61 Yeroen at Boeing: The Hartford Courant,
March 13, 2005.
p. 62 Machiavelli at the zoo: de Waal, F.
(1982),
Chimpanzee Politics, New York:
Harper and Row, p. 19.
p. 62 Maneuvering: ibid., p. 113.
p. 62 Nikkie and Yeroen: ibid., pp. 47–48.
p. 63 Luit’s game face: ibid., p. 133.
p. 63 Chimpanzee Politics on GOP reading list:
Business Week, April 3, 1995.
p. 63 Memo about “bizarre, twisted Democrats”:
Molly Ivins in Hartford
Courant, August 8, 2003.
p. 64 Gingrich as Yeroen to Rumsfeld: Wall
Street Journal, April 23, 2003.
p. 64 Human violence: Wrangham, R., and
Peterson, D. (1996),
Demonic Males,
New York: Houghton Mifflin.
p. 65 Another ‘Sure, boss’ meeting: Harvard
Business Review, January 2003.
p. 67 Conflict is normal: de Waal, F. (2000),
“Primates: A natural heritage of conflict
resolution,” Science 289 (5479), pp. 586–90.
p. 68 Weaning as the first negotiation, and the
conflict resolution model: Aureli, F.,
and de Waal, F. (eds.) (2000),Natural Conflict
Resolution, Berkeley: University
of California Press, pp. 26–28.
p. 69 Intrauterine sibling cannibalism: Gilmore,
R. G. et al. (2005), “Oophagy, Intrauterine
Cannibalism and Reproductive Strategy in Lamnoid
Sharks,” in
Hamlett,W. C. (ed.), Reproductive Biology and
Physiology of Chondrichthyes
Sharks, Batoids, and Chimaeras. Enfield, NH:
Science
Publishers, Inc.
5 DONUT DOMINANCE
p. 70 Churchill on pigs: Humes, J. C. (1995) The
Wit and Wisdom of Winston
Churchill, New York: Perennial, p. 6.
p. 70 Get the machine guns ready: Langley,M.
(2003),
Tearing Down the Walls,
New York: Free Press, p. 297.
p. 72 Jamie Dimon at Bank One: Fortune, July 22,
2002.
p. 72 Whose blood does Jamie want: New York
Times, January 15, 2004.
p. 73 Why does somebody always have to win:
Wired, August, 1995.
p. 73 Samuel Johnson: Boswell, J. (1776), Life
of Samuel Johnson; also updated
for political correctness in Wrangham, R., and
Peterson, D. (1996), Demonic
Males, New York: Houghton Mifflin, p. 191.
p. 73 Dominance at Stanford: Barchas, P. (1984),
Social Hierarchies,Westport,
CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 25ff.
p. 73 Social hierarchies among children: Barkow,
J. H. (1975), “Prestige and Culture:
A Biosocial Interpretation,” Current
Anthropology 16, 4, pp. 553–55.
p. 73 Tea ladies as catering supervisors:
Guardian (UK), April 18, 2000.
p. 74 Deutsche Bank in heaven: Independent (UK),
February 8, 1994.
p. 74 Hollywood hierarchies: New York Times,
April 28, 2002.
p. 75 CEOs over six feet tall: Etcoff,N. (2000),
Survival of the Prettiest, New
York: Doubleday, p. 173.
p. 76 Male obsession with rank: Wrangham and
Peterson (1996), p. 191.
p. 77 Maslow coins “dominance drive” and
“self-esteem”: Cullen, D. (1997),
“Maslow, monkeys, and motivation theory,”
Organization 4 (3), pp. 355–73;
de Waal, F. (1996),
Good Natured, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University
Press, p. 99.
p. 77 Primate work as Maslow’s foundation:
Hoffman, E. (1988), The Right to be
Human, Los Angeles: Tarcher, p. 49.
p. 78 Chimp group behavior in wild: de Waal, F.
(2001),
The Ape
and the Sushi Master: Cultural
Reflections by a Primatologist,
pp. 188–90.
p. 79 The alpha takes the lead: Cheney,D. L.,
and Seyfarth, R. M. (1990), How
Monkeys See the World, Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, pp. 47–48.
p. 80 IBM Kremlinology: Gerstner, L. (2002),
Who
Says Elephants Can’t Dance?
New York: HarperBusiness, p. 191.
p. 80 Increased fighting when rank uncertain: de
Waal, F. (1982),
Chimpanzee Politics,
New York: Harper and Row, p. 118.
p. 80 A stable pecking order lays more eggs:
Guhl, A. M., and Allee,W. C. (1944),
“Some measurable effects of social organization
in flocks of hens,” Physiol.
Zool. 27,
pp. 320–47.
p. 81 Slotow, R., et al. (2000), “Older bull
elephants control young males,”Nature
408,
pp. 425–26.
p. 81 Respect helps civilize alpha: Emerson, R.
M. (1962), “Power dependence relations,”
American Sociological Review 27, pp. 31–41.
p. 81 Bad alphas up a tree: de Waal, F. (1982),
p. 56.
p. 81 Lou Pai and the $45,000 weekend flights:
Bryce, R. (2002),
Pipe Dreams: Greed,
Ego, and the Death of Enron, New York:
Public Affairs, pp. 188,
209, 264.
p. 82 Kinder economies: Wall Street Journal,
April 12, 2004.
p. 82 Pilots cleaning planes: Fast Company, May
2004, p. 75.
p. 82 Wanting a better parking space: Lutz, R.
A., (2003),
Guts, New York: Wiley,
p. 183.
p. 83 Counting ceiling tiles: Welch, J.,
Jack:
Straight from the Gut (2001), New
York: Warner, p. 49.
p. 83 Hating hierarchy: Business Week, May 28,
1998.
p. 83 Even Chainsaw Al hates hierarchy: Dunlap,
A. (1996), Mean Business, New
York: Fireside, pp. 76–77.
p. 84 The U-turn in social evolution: Knauft, B.
(1991), “Violence and sociality in
human evolution,” Current Anthropology 32, pp.
391–428.
p. 85 Ntologi: Nishida,T., et al (1992), “Meat
sharing as a coalition strategy by an
alpha male chimpanzee?” in Nishida,T., et al. (eds)
Topics in Primatology,
v. 1, Human Origins, pp. 159–74.Tokyo: Tokyo
University Press.
p. 85 Phil Knight’s philanthropy: New York
Times, April 25, 2000; Associated
Press, September 26, 2001.
p. 85 Hopi hierarchies: Boone, J. L., and
Kessler, K. (1999), “More status or more
children: Social status, fertility reduction,
and long-term fitness,” Evolution
and Human Behavior 20, pp. 257–77.
p. 86 No egalitarian societies: Flanagan, J. G.
(1989), “Hierarchy in simple ‘egalitarian’
societies,” Annual Review of Anthropology 18,
pp. 245–66.
p. 86 Andygrams: Jackson,T. (1997),
Inside
Intel, New York: Dutton, pp.
221–22, with amendments directly from the
executive.
p. 86 Lassergrams: Business Week, April 19,
2004.
p. 87 John Chambers’ office: Wall Street
Journal, January 14, 2004.
p. 87 A critical view of Chambers: Young, J. S.
(2001),
Cisco Unauthorized, pp.
196–97.
p. 87 Where does power lie: Leavitt, H. J.
(2003), “Why hierarchies thrive,” Harvard
Business Review, March, pp. 97–102.
p. 90 Clownfish: Buston, P. M. (2003), “Size and
growth modification in clownfish,”
Nature 424, pp. 145–46.
6 TOOTH AND CLAW
p. 91 Territoriality at the BBC: Wyatt,W.
(2003), The Fun Factory: A Life in the
BBC, London: Aurum Press, p. 7.
p. 92 Sandy vs. Lou: Langley,M. (2003),
Tearing Down the Walls, New York: Free
Press, p. 73.
p. 93 Visitors to the Oval Office: New York
Times, August 9, 2004.
p. 93 Nikkie-Luit reconciliation: de Waal, F.
(2003), My Family Album, Berkeley:
University of California Press, pp. 84–85; see
also de Waal, F. (1982),
Chimpanzee Politics, New York: Harper and Row.
p. 95 Al Capone: Kobler, J. (1993), Capone: The
Life and Times of Al Capone,
New York: Da Capo Press, p. 17.
p. 95 Skilling’s bad language: Bryce, R. (2002),
Pipe Dreams: Greed,
Ego, and the Death of Enron, New York: Public Affairs, pp.
268–69; for a symptomatically
different inside reaction, see Cruver, B.
(2002), Anatomy of Greed: The
Unshredded Truth from an Enron Insider, New
York: Avalon, pp. 54–55.
p. 96 Reaction to an angry face: Sackett, G. P.
(1966), “Monkeys reared in isolation
with pictures as visual input: Evidence for an
innate releasing mechanism,”
Science 154, pp. 1470–3.
p. 96 Durango as savage jungle cat: Bradsher, K.
(2002), High and Mighty: SUVs—
The World’s Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They
Got That Way, New
York: Public Affairs, p. 99.
p. 97 Death Star: Cruver (2002), p. 10.
p. 97 Fastow’s predators: Bryce (2002), p. 225.
p. 97 Playing darts at K-Mart: Detroit Free
Press, July 2, 2002.
p. 98 Dueling desk plaques: Times (UK), March
29, 2003.
p. 100 Overcoming defensive bias: Sherman, D.
K., and Cohen, G. L. (2002), “Accepting
Threatening Information: Self-Affirmation and
the Reduction of Defensive
Biases.” Curr. Dir. in Psych. Sci., 11 (4),
August.
p. 101 Stress and surrender: Mazur, A. (1985),
“A biosocial model of status in faceto-
face primate groups,” Social Forces, December,
pp. 377–402.
p. 103 Speed of amygdale response: Smith,N. K.,
et al. (2003), “May I have your
attention please: Electrocortical responses to
positive and negative stimuli,”
Neuropsychologia 41, pp. 171–83.
p. 104 Testosterone overview: Mazur, A., and
Booth, A. (1998), “Testosterone and
dominance in men,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences
21, pp. 353–63.Testosterone
and career choice: Dabbs, J. M. Jr., et al.
(1998), “Trial lawyers: Blue
collar talent in a white collar world,” J. of
Applied Social Psychology 28,
pp. 84–94.
p. 105 Testosterone in World Cup fans:
Bernhardt, P. C., et al. (1998), “Changes in
testosterone levels during vicarious experiences
of winning and losing
among fans at sporting events,” Physiology and
Behavior 65, pp. 59–62.
p. 105 Trained losers: Aureli, F., and de Waal,
F. (eds.) (2000),Natural Conflict
Resolution, Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, p. 82.
p. 106 Boot camp cortisol: Hellhammer,D. H., et
al. (1997), “Social hierarchy and
adrenocortical stress reactivity in men,”
Psychoneuroendocrinology 22 (8),
pp. 643–50.
p. 106 Atrophy in the hippocampus: Davidson, R.
J. (2000), “Affective style, psychopathology,
and resilience: Brain mechanisms and
plasticity,” American
Psychologist 55, pp. 1196–214.
p. 106 Lock ’em up: Bryce (2002), pp. 230–33.
p. 107 Verbal abuse at Gap factories: Wall
Street Journal, May 12, 2004.
p. 108 Submission after being outstressed: Mazur
(1985), p. 388.
p. 108 Always concur: Rolfe, J., and Troob, P.
(2000), Monkey Business, New York:
Warner, pp. 227–28.
p. 109 Approach and inhibition: Keltner, D., et
al. (2003), “Power, approach, and
inhibition,” Psychological Review 110 (2), pp.
265–84.
p. 109 Power as the fundamental concept in
social science: Russell, B. (1938),
Power: A new social analysis, London: Allen and
Unwin.
p. 111 Urinating in the corner sink: Wall Street
Journal, July 19, 2004.
p. 114 Coalitions and Supreme Court decisions:
Keltner et al. (2003).
p. 114 AT&T’s costly cable spree: Wall Street
Journal, May 26, 2004.
p. 115 Ask the cage cleaner: Sapolsky, R.
(1994),
Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers,
New York: W. H. Freeman, p. 281.
p. 115 Gender, power, and social awareness:
Henley,N. M., and LaFrance, M.
(1984), “Gender as culture: Difference and
dominance in nonverbal behavior,”
in Wolfgang, A. (ed.),Nonverbal behavior:
Perspectives, applications, intercultural
insights, Lewiston, NY: C. J. Hogrefe.
p. 116 A BBC chairman’s dalliances: Wyatt
(2003), p. 142.
7 BENDING THE KNEE
p. 118 The black dog: Chalmers, R. (2003), Who’s
Who in Hell, New York:
Grove.
p. 118 Hollinger’s report to the SEC, dated
August 30, 2004, is available at
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/868512/000095012304010413/y01437exv99w2.htm
p. 119 Difficulty getting back Roosevelt papers:
New York Times, February 16,
2004.
p. 121 The shiver of subservience: Vanity Fair,
May 12, 2004.
p. 122 Pant-grunting: de Waal, F. (1982),
Chimpanzee Politics, New York: Harper
and Row, p. 87.
p. 122 Appeasement behaviors: Keltner,D., et al.
(1997), “Appeasement in human
emotion, personality, and social practice,”
Aggressive Behavior 23, pp.
359–74; see also Anderson, C., and Berdahl, J.
L. (2002), “The experience
of power: Examining the effects of power on
approach and inhibition tendencies,”
J. of Personality and Social Psychology 83, pp.
1362–77.
p. 122 Meetings reinforce hierarchy: Wall Street
Journal, May 19, 2004.
p. 124 Submissive language: Lakoff, R. (1975),
Language and Woman’s Place, New
York: Harper and Row.
p. 124 Feet like strawberry shortcake: Training
Magazine, July 1999.
p. 124 The workplace as a Skinner box: Talk of
the Nation, National Public Radio,
June 19, 2002.
p. 125 Dissected testicles: Maccoby,M. (1976),
The Gamesman, New York: Simon
and Schuster, p. 82.
p. 126 Big boss X: Lutz, R. A. (2003),
Guts, New
York: Wiley.
p. 126 The power signal: Gregory, S.W., and
Webster, S.W. (1996), “A nonverbal
signal in voices of interview partners
effectively predicts communication accommodation
and social status perceptions,” J. of
Personality and Social
Psychology 70, pp. 1231–40.
p. 129 Serotonin and power: Raleigh, M. J., et
al. (1984), “Social and environmental
influence on blood serotonin in monkeys,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
41, pp. 405–10.
p. 130 Generalizing to humans: Masters, R. D.,
and McGuire, M.T. (eds.) (1994),
The Neurotransmitter Revolution: Serotonin,
Social Behavior, and the Law,
Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
p. 130.
p. 130 The importance of greetings: de Waal
(1982), p. 118.
p. 131 Don Tommy: New York Magazine, March 3,
2003.
p. 134 A chorus of agreement to former dumb
idea: Lutz (2003), p. 181.
p. 135 Frodo’s lip chewing: National Geographic,
December 1995.
p. 135 Watching Ross Perot’s left ear: Levin, D.
(1989), Irreconcilable Differences,
Boston: Little, Brown, p. 103.
p. 135 The boss’s cigar: Langley,M. (2003),
Tearing Down the Walls, New York:
Free Press, p. 44.
p. 135 Being the right-hand man: Dunbar, R.
(1996),
Grooming, Gossip, and the
Evolution of Language, London: Faber, pp.
136–37.
p. 136 Offering first-class seat to the boss:
New York Times, March 11, 2003.
p. 138 Marcos, and upward grooming by
subordinates: Cheney,D. L., and Seyfarth,
R. M. (1990),
How Monkeys See the World,
Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, pp. 42, 71.
p. 139 James Truman grooms Newhouse: New York
Times, October 26, 2003.
p. 141 Postural echo: Morris, D. (1979),
Manwatching, New York: Abrams,
pp. 83–85.
p. 142 Appeal aggression: de Waal, F. (2003),
“Darwin’s legacy and the study of
primate visual communication,” in Ekman, P., et
al. (eds.), Emotions Inside
Out: 130 Years After Darwin’s
The Expression of the
Emotions in Man and Animals, New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
8 CHATTER IN THE MONKEY HOUSE
p. 143 Gossip poisons business: Workforce, July
2001.
p. 143 Gossip for unity, morals: Emler,N.
(2001), “Gossiping,” in Robinson,W. P.,
and Giles, H. (eds.), The New Handbook of
Language and Social Psychology,
New York: Wiley, p. 319.
p. 145 Ban water-cooler conversations: New York
Times, December 28, 2003.
p. 145 Grapes, cucumbers, and fairness: Brosnan,
S. F., and de Waal, F. (2003),
“Monkeys reject unequal pay,”Nature 425, pp.
297–99.
p. 146 Gossip in the dining hall: Dunbar, R.
(1996),
Grooming, Gossip, and the
Evolution of Language, London: Faber, p. 123.
p. 147 Language evolved for gossip: ibid., p.
79.
p. 147 Energy for the brain: ibid., p. 124; and
Dunbar, R. (1992), “Neocortex size
as a constraint on group size in primates,” J.
of Human Evolution 20, pp.
469–93.
p. 148 Using positive words: Boucher, J., and
Osgood, C. E. (1969), “The Pollyanna
hypothesis,” J. of Verbal Learning and Verbal
Behavior 8, pp. 1–8.
p. 148 Positive first in word pairs: Rozin, P.,
and Royzman, E. B. (2001), “Negativity
bias, negativity dominance, and contagion,”
Personality and Social Psychology
Review 5, pp. 296–320.
p. 148 Only 5 percent of gossip is negative:
Dunbar (1996), p. 174.
p. 149 Social ostracism: Eisenberger,N. I., et
al. (2003), “Does rejection hurt? An
fMRI study of social exclusion,” Science 302,
pp. 290–92.
p. 149 Ostracism by computer: Zadro, L., et al.
(2004), “How low can you go? Ostracism
by a computer lowers belonging, control,
self-esteem, and meaningful
existence,” J. of Experimental Social Psychology
40, pp. 560–67.
p. 152 How gossip functions: Dunbar, R. (2004),
“Gossip in evolutionary perspective,”
Rev. of Gen. Psych. 8 (2), pp. 100–10; Kurland,N.,
and Pelled, L. H.
(2000), “Passing the word: Toward a model of
gossip and power in the
workplace,” Academy of Management Review 25 (2),
pp. 428–38.
p. 153 Grapevine accuracy: Davis, K. (1973),
“The care and cultivation of the corporate
grapevine,” Dun’s Review 102, pp. 44–47; Daft,
R., and Steers, R. M.
(1986), Organizations: A Micro/Macro Approach,
Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman;
Smith, B. (1996), “Care and feeding of the
grapevine,” Management
Review 85 (2), p. 6.
p. 154 Reviewing the moral dossier: Boehm, C.
(1999),
Hierarchy in the Forest: The
Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior, Cambridge:
Harvard University Press,
p. 73.
p. 154 Grasso’s outlandish pay: New York Times,
October 5, 2004.
9 BANG BANG, KISS KISS
p. 156 Two porcupines: New York Times, April 4,
2004, p. 21.
p. 156 Dewey Ballantine: NY Law Journal, January
28, 2004, p. 10; New York
Times, February 7, 2004.
p. 158 Extreme honesty: Kraman, S. S., and Hamm,
G. (1999), “Risk Management:
Extreme Honesty May Be the Best Policy.” Annals
of Internal Medicine 131
(12), pp. 963–67; see also Wall Street Journal,
May 18, 2004.
p. 158 Johns Hopkins death: Hopkins Medicine,
spring/summer 2004.
p. 159 The bishop apologizes: Dallas Morning
News, July 11, 1998.
p. 160 Ignorance about human reconciliation: de
Waal, F. (1999),
Peacemaking
Among Primates, Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, p. 43.
p. 161 How humans reconcile: ibid., pp. 238–39.
p. 162 The frequency of reconciliation:
Preuschoft, S., et al. (2002), “Reconciliation
in captive chimpanzees: A reevaluation with
controlled methods,” Intl.
J. of Primatology 23 (1) pp. 29–50.
p. 164 Microsoft and Sun make up: Washington
Post, April 3, 2004, April 5, 2004;
New York Times, April 4, 2004.
p. 165 Fidgety bystanders: Aureli, F., and de
Waal, F. (eds.) (2000),Natural Conflict
Resolution, Berkeley: University of California
Press, pp. 206–7.
p. 165 Mama: de Waal, F. (1982),
Chimpanzee Politics, New York: Harper and Row,
p. 56; de Waal (1999), pp. 2–22.
p. 165 Peacemaking wives: http://news.com.com/2008-1014-5184372
.html?tag=nl.
p. 166 USS Greenville incident: Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, March 12, 2001; O’Hara,
E. A., and Yarn, D. (2002), “On apology and
consilience,”Washington Law
Rev. 77, pp. 1122–92.
p. 166 Reconciliation outside the will of the
victim: O’Hara and Yarn (2002).
p. 167 Likelier to reconcile with social allies:
Aureli and de Waal (2000), p. 117.
p. 168 The legal risks of apology: Wagatsuma,
H., and Rosett, A. (1986), “The implications
of apology: Law and culture in Japan and the
United States,” Law
and Society Rev. 20 (4) pp. 499–507.
p. 168 Tort law encourages only least
therapeutic apologies: Shuman, D.W.
(2000), “The role of apology in tort law,”
Judicature 180 pp. 180–189.
p. 169 A tender moment: Tavuchis,N. (1991),
Mea
Culpa: A Sociology of Apology
and Reconciliation, Stanford: Stanford
University Press, pp. 88–89.
p. 169 Bad Harvey: Biskind, P. (2004),
Down and
Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance,
and the Rise of Independent Film, New York:
Simon and Schuster,
p. 69.
p. 169 Voluntary versus forced reconciliation:
Aureli and de Waal (2000), p. 46.
p. 170 Rhesus learn to become peacemakers:
ibid., p. 117.
p. 172 Acting like gods or robots: Tavuchis
(1991), p. 149.
p. 172 Moralistic aggression: O’Hara and Yarn
(2002), p. 1153.
p. 172 Apology as exploitation: ibid., pp.
1186–87.
p. 173 Toro: Cohen, J. R. (1999), “Apology and
Organizations: Exploring an example
from medical practice,” Fordham Urb. L. J. VII,
pp. 1447–82.
p. 176 Cleanerfish: Bshary, R., and Würth, M.
(2001), “Cleaner fish Labroides
dimidiatus manipulate client reef fish by
providing tactile stimulation,” Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London, Series
B—Biological Sciences 268,
pp. 1495–501.
10 MAKING FACES
p. 177 An insulted monkey: Darwin, C. (1872
[1998]),
The Expression of the
Emotions in Man and Animals, New York: Oxford
University Press,
p. 144.
p. 178 Darwin’s dog: ibid., p. 62.
p. 179 Rat-faced: Gaufo, G. O., et al. (2003),
“Hox3 genes coordinate mechanisms
of genetic suppression and activation in the
generation of branchial and somatic
motor neurons,” Development 130 (21), pp.
5191–201.
p. 179 How expressions evolved: Preuschoft, S.
(2000), “Primate faces and facial
expressions,” Social Research 67, pp. 245–271.
p. 179 CIA polygraphers: Ekman, P. (2001),
Telling Lies, New York: Norton,
p. 285.
p. 179 Medical professionals: Kappesser, J., and
Williams, A. C. (2002), “Pain and
negative emotions in the face: judgements by
health care professionals,” Pain
99 (1–2), pp. 197–206.
p. 181 Facial action coding: Ekman, P., and
Friesen,W. V. (1975),
Unmasking the
Face, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
p. 184 Multiple human smile types: Ekman (2001),
pp. 149–61.
p. 185 Lie detection by stroke victims: Etcoff,N.,
et al. (2000), “Lie detection and
language comprehension,”Nature 405, p. 139.
p. 187 Microexpressions: Ekman (2001), pp.
129–33.
p. 190 Exploiting facial expressions: Hill, D.
(2003), Body of Truth, New York:
Wiley.
p. 192 Samurai and the avoidance of expressions:
Hall, E. (1976), Beyond Culture,
Garden City,NY: Anchor, pp. 57–58.
p. 193 The talons of social awkwardness: Hall,
J. A., and Halberstadt, A. G. (1986),
“Smiling and gazing,” in Hyde, J. S., and Inn,
M. C. (eds.), The Psychology of
Gender, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press.
p. 193 Smiling: LaFrance, M., et al. (2003),
“The contingent smile: A metaanalysis
of sex differences in smiling,” Psychological
Bulletin 129 (2),
pp. 305–34.
p. 194 Shoot-to-kill facial expressions: New
Yorker, August 5, 2002.
p. 195 Poindexter: Ekman (2001), pp. 293–97.
p. 197 Facial makeup: Preuschoft (2000).
p. 197 Lip smack and air kiss: Schmidt, K. L.,
and Cohn, J. F. (2001), “Human facial
expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary
questions in facial expression
research,” Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 44,
pp. 3–24.
11 FACIAL PREDESTINATION
p. 198 Everyone sees what you appear to be:
Machiavelli,N. (1515 [2004]),
The
Prince, translated by Marriott,W. K., at
http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/m/machiavelli/niccolo/m149p/chapter18.html .
p. 198 Aristotle and eye size: Sassi, M. M.
(2001), The Science of Man in Ancient
Greece, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
p. 198 Darwin’s nose: Zebrowitz, L. A. (1997),
Reading Faces: Window to the Soul?
Boulder, CO: Westview Press, p. 1.
p. 199 West Point: Mueller,U., and Mazur, A.
(1996), “Facial dominance of West
Point cadets as a predictor of later military
rank,” Social Forces 74
pp. 823–850.
p. 200 Baby-faced in Boston: Zebrowitz (1997),
pp. 112–13.
p. 200 The face guy in the executive suite:
ibid., pp. 101–2.
p. 201 Executive hair: Lutz, R. A. (2003),
Guts,
New York: Wiley, p. 180.
p. 202 Key stimuli: Zebrowitz (1997), pp. 68–69.
p. 203 Coloration in baboons: ibid., p. 70.
p. 204 Newborns like ’em pretty: Slater, A., et
al. (1998), “Newborn infants prefer
attractive faces,” Infant Behavior and
Development 21, pp. 345–54.
p. 205 It’s good to be symmetrical: Grammer, K.,
and Thornhill, R. (1994), “Human
(Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual
selection: The role of symmetry
and averageness,” J. of Comparative Psychology
108, pp. 233–42.
p. 206 Looking masculine or feminine:
www.brandeis.edu/gsa/gradjournal/2004/v.rennenkampff2004.pdf
p. 207 Sir Isaac Newton’s game face: Fara, P.
(2003), “Face values: How portraits
win friends and influence people,” Science 229
(5608), pp. 831–32.
p. 207 Fiorina on the diminutive male brain:
Anders, G. (2003),
Perfect Enough,
New York: Portfolio, p. 50.
12 MONKEY SEE
p. 211 Fashion: Thoreau, H. D. (1854
[1986]),Walden New York: Penguin, p. 32.
p. 211 Shirt color at IBM: Gerstner, L. (2002),
Who
Says Elephants Can’t Dance?,
New York: HarperBusiness, pp. 21–22.
p. 211 Chickens and ants: Hatfield et al. (1994)
Emotional Contagion, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, pp. 45–46.
p. 212 Routine vocal mimicry: ibid., p. 28.
p. 213 Chuck Yeager’s accent: Wolfe,T. (1979),
The Right Stuff, New York: Farrar
Straus and Giroux, pp. 34–35.
p. 213 Phantom traffic jams: Strogatz, S.H.
(2003),
Sync: The Emerging Science of
Spontaneous Order, New York: Hyperion, pp.
269–71.
p. 214 The selfish herd: Hamilton,W. D. (1971),
“Geometry for the selfish herd,”
J. Theor. Biol. 31, pp. 295–311.
p. 215 Monkey face-reading: Preuschoft, S.
(2000), “Primate faces and facial expressions,”
Social Research, 67, pp. 245–271.
p. 217 Synchrony through conversation: Hall, E.
(1976), Beyond Culture, Garden
City,NY: Anchor, p. 68.
p. 218 Using synchrony to judge social liking:
Grahe, J. E., and Bernieri, F. J.
(2002), “Self-awareness of judgment policies of
rapport,” Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (10), pp. 1407–18.
p. 218 Smile and be happy: Ekman, P. (2003),
Emotions Revealed, New York: Holt,
p. 36.
p. 218 Smile and be cool-headed: McIntosh, D.
N., et al. (1997), “Facial movement,
breathing, temperature, and affect: implications
of the vascular
theory of emotional efference,” Cognition and
Emotion 11 (17), pp.
171–195.
p. 219 Emotional contagion at the dentist’s:
Hatfield et al. (1994), pp. 193–94.
p. 219 Contagious enthusiasm: Ward, G. (1992),
A
First-Class Temperament:
The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt, New York:
HarperCollins, pp.
221–22.
p. 220 Emotions across the counter: Pugh, S. D.
(2002), “Service with a smile:
Emotional contagion in the service encounter,”
Academy of Management J.
44 (5), pp. 1018–27.
p. 221 People as walking mood inductors: Barsade,
S. G. (2002), “The ripple effect:
Emotional contagion and its influence on group
behavior.” Administrative
Science Quarterly 47, pp. 644–75.
p. 222 Mimicry for money: Van Baaren, R. B., et
al. (2003), “Mimicry for money:
Behavioral consequences of imitation,” J. of
Experimental Social Psychology
39, pp. 393–98.
p. 223 Stuttering: Hatfield et al. (1994), pp.
22, 33.
p. 223 Imitating your way to success: ibid., p.
176.
p. 223 Hazards of upward mimicry: Morris, D.
(1979), Manwatching, New York:
Abrams.
p. 224 The skipper: Poole, R. (2004), Explorers
House: National Geographic and
the World It Made, New York: Penguin.
p. 224 Matsushita as maneshita: Forbes, February
2, 2004.
p. 224 SpinBrush sales: Business Week, August
12, 2002.
p. 224 Protecting Premarin: Wall Street Journal,
September 9, 2004.
p. 225 Copying Jack Welch’s contract: Chicago
Tribune, October 27, 2002.
p. 225 Imitating management fads: Strang, D.,
and Macy,M.W. (2001), “In Search
of Excellence: Fads, Success Stories, and
Adaptive Emulation,” Am. J. of Sociology
107 (1), pp. 147–82.
p. 229 Boids: Reynolds, C.W. (1987), “Flocks,
herds, and schools: A distributed
behavior model,” Computer Graphics 21 (4), pp.
25–34,
http://www.red3d.com/cwr/boids/
p. 233 Linux:
http://www.li.org/linuxhistory.php
p. 234 Linux challenges Microsoft: Harvard
Business Review, September 2004.
p. 234 Self-organization at Harrah’s, BP: ibid.
p. 235 Chimps at the water cooler: Yerkes, R. M.
(1943), Chimpanzees: A Laboratory
Colony, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 52.
13 BUNNIES FOR LUNCH
p. 237 Predatory publisher: New York Times
Magazine, July 20, 2003.
p. 238 Eight-hundred-pound gorillas: Observer
(UK), August 31, 2003.
p. 239 Takeover piranha: Wall Street Journal,
January 24, 2001.
p. 240 Shaving time: New York Times, April 4,
2004.
p. 241 Piggybacking on national chains: Contra
Costa (CA) Times, November 11,
2004.
p. 241 Applying economic theory to animal
choices: Stephens, D.W., and Krebs,
J. R. (1986), Foraging Theory, Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
p. 245 Focusing on the wrong prey at Scott
Paper: Dunlap, A. (1996), Mean Business,
New York: Fireside, pp. 139–42.
p. 245 Salespeople chasing the wrong accounts:
McKinsey Quarterly, 2004 (3).
p. 245 Grizzly bear feeding habits: Conniff, R.
(1998), Every Creeping Thing, New
York: Holt.
p. 246 Teaching IBM to survive in the jungle:
Gerstner, L. (2002),
Who
Says Elephants Can’t Dance?, New York: HarperBusiness, pp.
176–77.
p. 247 Polaroid: CFO Magazine, January 1, 2003.
p. 247 Two hundred thousand unwanted cars:
Detroit News, February 29, 2004.
p. 247 $5,000 rebates: Crain’s Cleveland
Business, May 24, 2004; Business Week,
May 31, 2004.
p. 247 Toyota’s flexibility: Detroit News,
February 29, 2004.
p. 248 Internet statistics:
http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/internet.htm.
See also
http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html
p. 251 Tree frog: Warkentin, K. M. (1995).
“Adaptive plasticity in hatching age: A
response to predation risk trade-offs,”
Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences 92, pp. 3507–10.
14 LANDSCAPE OF FEAR
p. 256 The
advantages of acting like an unpredictable jerk:
Silk, J. B. (2002),
“Practice random acts of aggression and
senseless acts of intimidation: the
logic of status contests in social groups,”
Evolutionary Anthropology 11,
pp. 221–25.
p. 257 Doing the jerk’s bidding without
question, Aureli, F., and de Waal, F. (eds.)
(2000),Natural Conflict
Resolution, Berkeley:
University of California Press,
p. 205.
p. 257 Claparède’s pinprick: LeDoux, J. (1996),
The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious
Underpinnings of Emotional Life, New York: Simon
and Schuster, p.
180; Claparède, E., in Rapaport D. (ed.) (1951),
Organization and Pathology
of Thought, New York: Columbia University Press.
p. 258 Cats with no cerebral cortex: LeDoux
(1996), p. 79.
p. 259 Parmalat: Wall Street Journal, December
26, 2003.
p. 259 Redirected aggression: Virgin, C. E., and
Sapolsky, R. (1997), “Styles of
male social behavior and their endocrine
correlates among low-ranking baboons,”
Am. J. of Primatology 42, pp. 25–39.
p. 260 Avoiding ulcers by giving them: Sapolsky,
R., in Aureli and de Waal (2000),
pp. 114–16.
p. 261 Crushing the enemy: D’Aveni, R. (1995),
Hypercompetition, New York: Free
Press, p. 377.
p. 261 Lemon-lime “Overlord”: Enrico, R., and
Kornbluth, J. (1986), The Other
Guy Blinked, New York: Bantam, p. 66.
p. 262 Retail is war: Forbes, March 5, 2001;
http://www.limitedbrands.com/about/ltd/index.jsp
p. 263 Ignoring anger at Miramax: Biskind, P.
(2004),
Down and
Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance,
and the Rise of Independent Film, New York: Simon
and Schuster, p. 74.
p. 263 Bullying percentages:
http://www2.newpaltz.edu/~neumanj/neuman_and_keashly_siop2003.pdf
p. 264 People who have a bullying boss: San
Francisco Chronicle, October 19,
1998; Keashly, L., and Jagatic, K. (2000), “The
Nature, Extent, and Impact
of Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: Results of
a Statewide Survey,” presented
at an Academy of Management seminar, August 4–9.
p. 265 Predators keep guppies sharp: O’Steen,
S., et al. (2002), “Rapid evolution of
escape ability in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia
reticulata),” Evolution 56 (4),
pp. 777–84.
p. 266 Nurturing HP’s softer side: Anders, G.
(2003),
Perfect Enough, New York:
Portfolio, pp. 36, 40.
p. 266 High Machs: Wilson, D. S. (1998), in
Dugatkin, L. E., and Reeve, H. K.
(eds.), Game Theory and Animal Behavior, New
York: Oxford University
Press, p. 266.
p. 267 The allure of the mean friend: Hawley,
P.H. (2003), “Prosocial and coercive
configurations of resource control in early
adolescence: A case for the welladapted
Machiavellian,” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 49, pp.
279–309; Hawley,
P. H., et al. (manuscript under review), “The
allure of the mean friend:
Relationship quality and processes of aggressive
adolescents.”
p. 269 Durk Jager at P&G: Wall Street Journal,
December 11, 1998, August 31,
2000.
p. 269 Mack the Knife: Wall Street Journal, June
28, 2004.
p. 269 Kumar and Computer Associates: Wall
Street Journal, September 23, 2004.
p. 270 NASA: Columbia Accident Investigation
Board,Newsday, August 27, 2003.
p. 270 The $20 million layoff rage: New York
Times, August 1, 2001.
p. 272 A change of culture for baboons: Sapolsky,
R. M., and Share, L. J. (2004), “A
pacific culture among wild baboons: its
emergence and transmission,” Public
Library of Science 2, p. 106,
http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020106
p. 274 Redwings keep it low-key: Hansen, A. J.,
and Rohwer, S. (1986), “Coverable
badges and resource defence in birds,” Anim.
Behav. 34, pp. 69–76.
15 RUNNING WITH THE PACK
p. 275 Intel as an ant colony: Sunday Oregonian
(Portland), January 13, 2002.
p. 275 Sheep faces: New York Times, September
14, 2004.
p. 276 MCI: Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2004.
p. 278 Sacrificing for the small group:
Nicholson,N. (2000),
Executive Instinct:
Managing the Human Animal in the Information
Age, New York: Crown,
p. 31.
p. 278 A company of heroes: Ambrose, S. E.
(1992),
Band of Brothers, New York:
Simon and Schuster, p. 307.
p. 279 NYNEX: Euchner, J., and Sachs, P. (1993),
“The benefits of intentional tension,”
Communication of the ACM 36 (4).
p. 280 The trolley dilemma: Greene, J. D., et
al. (2001), “An fMRI investigation of
emotional engagement in moral judgment,” Science
293, pp. 2105–8.
p. 282 Group size: Hackman, J. R. (2002),
Leading Teams: Setting the Stage for
Great Performance, Boston: Harvard Business
School Press, p. 119.
p. 282 Group relationships, hearing distance:
Dunbar, R. (1996), G
Grooming, Gossip, and the
Evolution of Language, London: Faber,
pp. 64, 122.
p. 283 Avoiding serious fights on first
encounter: Mendoza, S. P. (1993), “Social
Conflict on First Encounters,” in Mason,W. A.,
and Mendoza, S. P. (eds.),
Primate Social Conflict, New York: New York
University Press, p. 85.
p. 284 Virtual work groups: Majchrzak, A., et
al. (2004), “Can absence make a team
grow stronger?” Harvard Business Review, May,
pp. 131–37.
p. 284 The managing director as a dominatrix:
Rolfe, J., and Troob, P. (2000), Monkey
Business, New York: Warner, p. 220.
p. 285 If your bottler drives a Cadillac:
Fortune, May 31, 2004.
p. 286 The user-exit subroutine: Ullman, E.
(1997), Close to the Machine, San Francisco:
City Lights Books.
p. 287 Buttfuck as a business term: Swartz, M.,
and Watkins, S. (2003), Power Failure:
The Inside Story of the Collapse of Enron, New
York: Doubleday.
p. 287 Getting invited to the joke: Cruver, B.
(2002), Anatomy of Greed: The Unshredded
Truth from an Enron Insider, New York: Avalon,
p. 37.
p. 287 Inheritance in monkeys: Cheney,D. L., and
Seyfarth, R. M. (1990), How
Monkeys See the World, Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, pp. 29–33;
Silk, J. B., “The evolution of cooperation in
primate groups,” in Gintis, S., et
al. (2005), Moral Sentiments and Material
Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation
in Economic Life, Cambridge: MIT Press.
p. 288 Family companies prosper: Anderson, R.,
and Reeb, D. M. (2003), “Founding
family ownerships and firm performance: Evidence
from the S&P 500,”
J. of Finance 58, pp. 1301–29.
p. 289 But they fall apart after the founder:
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/papers/1284.pdf
p. 289 Dogs in narcotics detection: Helton,W. S.
(2004), “The development of expertise:
Animal models?” J. of General Psych. 131 (1),
pp. 86–96.
p. 292 Whales: Whitehead, H., and Rendell, L.
(2004), “Movements, habitat use
and feeding success of cultural clans of South
Pacific sperm whales,” J. of
Animal Ecology 73, pp. 190–96.
p. 292 Cowbirds: Smith V., et al. (2000), “A
role of her own: Female cowbirds,
Molothrus ater, influence the development and
outcome of song learning,”
Animal Behav. 60, pp. 599–609.
p. 292 Sexy sparrows: MacDougall-Shackleton, E.
A., and MacDougall-
Shackleton, S. A. (2001), “Cultural and genetic
evolution in mountain
white-crowned sparrows,” Evolution 55, p.
2568–2575.
p. 292 Silicon Valley savages: English-Lueck, J.
A. (2002),
Cultures@SiliconValley.
Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 24.
p. 293 Culture hides itself: Hall, E.T. (1959),
The Silent Language, Garden City,
New York: Doubleday, p. 53.
p. 294 Missing mission statements: Wurman, R.
(2001), Information Anxiety 2, Indianapolis:
Que, p. 132.
p. 294 Wal-Mart’s unwieldy culture: Harvard
Business Review, July-August, 2004,
p. 37.
p. 295 Unhappy at American: New York Times,
April 27, 2004.
p. 296 Workers like convicts going to jail:
Gallagher, R. S. (2003), The Soul of an
Organization, Chicago: Dearborn, pp. 8–9.
p. 296 Badges of status: D’Aveni, R. A., and
Kesner, I. F. (1993), “Top managerial
prestige, power and tender offer response: A
study of elite social networks
and target firm cooperation during takeovers,”
Organization Science 4 (2)
pp. 123–151.
p. 297 GM-EDS divorce: Levin, D. (1989),
Irreconcilable Differences, Boston: Little,
Brown, p. 300.
p. 298 Stealing from IBM grandkids: Gerstner, L.
(2002),
Who
Says Elephants Can’t Dance?, New York: HarperBusiness, p. 204.
p. 299 In-groups for beating up out-groups:
Wrangham, R., and Peterson, D.
(1996),
Demonic Males, New York: Houghton
Mifflin, pp. 196–97.
p. 300 Encapsulation at GM: Levin (1989), p.
340.
p. 301 East African in- and out-groups: Brewer,M.
B. (1999), “The psychology of
prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate?” J. of
Social Issues, 55 (3),
pp. 492–544.
p. 302 Wolf behavior: Steinhart, P. (1995), The
Company of Wolves, New York:
Vintage.
EPILOGUE
p. 304 TK
p. 305 The moose on the table: Wall Street
Journal, February 4, 2003.
p. 306 Chimpanzees and us: Ridley,M. (1999),
Genome, New York: HarperCollins,
p. 29.
p. 309 Benevolent alphas: Taylor, S. E. (2002),
The Tending Instinct, New York
Times Books, p. 156.
p. 310 Cocker spaniels: Newsweek, September 30,
2002.
|
